Table of Contents Animals Food Everyday Things Clothes Nature Colors Numbers Guide to Imitated Pronunciation List of Words Grammar: The Definite Article Guide to Imitated Pronunciation a at the end of a word is pronounced lightly, like -er in father (but without the r sound at the end) ah is a long a, as in father ee is a long e, as in feet eh is the sound of e in pet eu is an oo sound with the lips unrounded euh is a longer oo sound with the lips unrounded ay is a long e, as in day (but without the i sound at the end) oh is a long o, as in boat oo is oo as in look ooh is a long oo, as in fool uh is like the -er in father (but without the r sound at the end) ch is the ch in church hh is the sound of h in huge, also shown as hy gh is the voiced version of kh kh is the guttural sound at the end of loch or Bach ñ is the sound of ny in canyon, also shown as ny j is the j in judge rr is a tapped r rr is a rolled r sh is the sh in shop fy, gy, hy, ky, ly, ny, py, ry, ty: these all have a very light y sound after the consonant, as in million (ly) or canyon (ny) List of Words m = masculine, f = feminine, pl = plural Page One cat (m) cat, cait (pl) kat, kehch an cat (m) the cat, na cait (pl) an kat, na kehch cù (m) dog, coin (pl) koo, koñ an cù (m) the dog, na coin (pl) an koo, na koñ Page Two luch (f) mouse, luchan (pl) lookh, loo-khan an luch (f) the mouse, na luchan (pl) an lookh, na loo-khan rabaid (f) rabbit, rabaidean (pl) rra-bij, rra-bi-jan an rabaid (f) the rabbit, na rabaidean (pl) an rra-bij, na rra-bi-dyan Page Three bò (f) cow, bà (pl) boh, bah a' bhò (f) the cow, na bà (pl) a voh, na bah each (m) horse, eich (pl) ekh, ehh an each (m) the horse, na h-eich (pl) an ekh, na hehh Page Four eun (m) bird, eòin (pl) ee-an, yohñ an t-eun (m) the bird, na h-eòin (pl) an tyee-an, na hyohñ òr-iasg (m) goldfish, òr-èisg (pl) ohr ee-ask, ohr eshk an t-òr-iasg (m) the goldfish, na h-òr-èisg (pl) an tohr ee-ask, na hohr eshk Page Five tunnag (f) duck, tunnagan (pl) too-nak, too-na-gan an tunnag (f) the duck, na tunnagan (pl) an too-nak, na too-na-gan leumrachan (m) frog, leumrachanan (pl) lyem-ra-khan, lyem-ra-kha-nan an leumrachan (m) the frog, na leumrachanan (pl) an lyem-ra-khan, na lyem-ra-kha-nan Page Six nathair (f) snake, nathraichean (pl) na-hir, na-ri-hyen an nathair (f) the snake, na nathraichean (pl) an na-hir, na na-ri-hyen partan (m) crab, partanan (pl) parrsh-tan, parrsh-ta-nan am partan (m) the crab, na partanan (pl) am parrsh-tan, na parrsh-ta-nan Page Seven dealan-dè (m) butterfly, dealanan-dè (pl) dya-lan dyay, dya-la-nan dyay an dealan-dè (m) the butterfly, na dealanan-dè (pl) an dya-lan dyay, na dya-la-nan dyay seangan (m) ant, seanganan (pl) sheng-gan, sheng-ga-nan an seangan (m) the ant, na seanganan (pl) an sheng-gan, na sheng-ga-nan Page Eight ugh (m) egg, uighean (pl) oo, eu-yan an t-ugh (m) the egg, na h-uighean (pl) an too, na heu-yan aran (m) bread a-ran an t-aran (m) the bread an ta-ran Page Nine càise (m) cheese, càisean (pl) kah-sha, kah-shan an càise (m) the cheese, na càisean (pl) an kah-sha, na kah-shan dearc-fhìona (f) grape, dearcan-fìona (pl) dyerkhk ee-a-na, dyerkh-kan fee-a-na an dearc-fhìona (f) the grape, na dearcan-fìona (pl) an derkhk ee-a-na, na dyerkh-kan fee-a-na Page Ten cèic seòclaid (f) chocolate cake, cèicean seòclaid (pl) kyehhk shokh-klij, kyehh-kyan shokh-klij a' chèic seòclaid (f) the chocolate cake, na cèicean seòclaid (pl) a hyehhk shokh-klij, na kyehh-kyan shokh-klij reòiteag (f) ice cream, reòiteagan (pl) rroh-tyak, rroh-tya-gan an reòiteag (f) the ice cream, na reòiteagan (pl) an roh-tyak, na rroh-tya-gan Page Eleven ubhal (m) apple, ùbhlan (pl) oo-al, ooh-lan an t-ubhal (m) the apple, na h-ùbhlan (pl) an too-al, na hooh-lan orainsear (m) orange, orainsearan (pl) o-rin-sher, o-rin-she-ran an t-orainsear (m) the orange, na h-orainsearan (pl) an to-rin-sher, na ho-rin-she-ran Page Twelve liomaid (f) lemon, liomaidean (pl) lyi-mij, lyi-mi-jan an liomaid (f) the lemon, na liomaidean (pl) an lyi-mij, na lyi-mi-jan banana (m) banana, bananathan (pl) ba-na-na, ba-na-na-han am banana (m) the banana, na bananathan (pl) am ba-na-na, na ba-na-na-han Page Thirteen curran (m) carrot, curranan (pl) koo-rran, koo-rra-nan an curran (m) the carrot, na curranan (pl) an koo-rran, na koo-rra-nan tomàto (m) tomato, tomàtothan (pl) to-mah-to, to-mah-to-han an tomàto (m) the tomato, na tomàtothan (pl) an to-mah-to, na to-mah-to-han Page Fourteen sùbh-làir (m) strawberry, sùbhan-làir (pl) sooh-lahr, sooh-an-lahr an sùbh-làir (m) the strawberry, na sùbhan-làir (pl) an sooh-lahr, na sooh-an-lahr sirist (f) cherry, siristean (pl) shi-ryishch, shi-ryish-tyan an t-sirist (f) the cherry, na siristean (pl) a tyi-ryishch, na shi-ryish-tyan Page Fifteen sùgh (m) juice, sùghan (pl) sooh, sooh-an an sùgh (m) the juice, na sùghan (pl) an sooh, na sooh-an bainne (m) milk, bainneachan (pl) ba-nya, ba-nya-khan am bainne (m) the milk, na bainneachan (pl) am ba-nya, na ba-nya-khan uisge (m) water, uisgeachan (pl) eush-kya, eush-kya-khan an t-uisge (m) the water, na h-uisgeachan (pl) an teush-kya, na heush-kya-khan Page Sixteen sgian (f) knife, sgeinean (pl) skyee-an, skyay-nan an sgian (f) the knife, na sgeinean (pl) an skyee-an, na skyay-nan spàin (f) spoon, spàinean (pl) spahñ, spah-ñan an spàin (f) the spoon, na spàinean (pl) an spahñ, na spah-ñan forca (f) fork, forcan (pl) forrkh-ka, forrkh-kan an fhorca (f) the fork, na forcan (pl) an orrkh-ka, na forrkh-kan Page Seventeen peann (m) pen, pinn (pl) pya-oon, piñ am peann (m) the pen, na pinn (pl) am pya-oon, na piñ pensail (m) pencil, pensailean (pl) pen-sal, pen-sa-lan am pensail (m) the pencil, na pensailean (pl) am pen-sal, na pen-sa-lan Page Eighteen leabhar (m) book, leabhraichean (pl) lyo-ar, lyo-ri-hyen an leabhar (m) the book, na leabhraichean (pl) an lyo-ar, na lyo-ri-hyen leabhar-nòtaichean (m) notebook, leabhraichean-nòtaichean (pl) lyo-ar noh-ti-hyen, lyo-ri-hyen noh-ti-hyen an leabhar-nòtaichean (m) the notebook, na leabhraichean-nòtaichean (pl) an lyo-ar noh-ti-hyen, na lyo-ri-hyen noh-ti-hyen Page Nineteen coimpiutair (m) computer, coimpiutairean (pl) kom-pyoo-ter, kom-pyoo-te-ryan an coimpiutair (m) the computer, na coimpiutairean (pl) an kom-pyoo-ter, na kom-pyoo-te-ryen fòn-làimhe (m) mobile phone, fònaichean-làimhe (pl) fohn lah-i-va, foh-ni-hyen lah-i-va am fòn-làimhe (m) the mobile phone, na fònaichean-làimhe (pl) am fohn lah-i-va, na foh-ni-hyen lah-i-va Page Twenty baga (m) bag, bagaichean (pl) ba-ga, ba-gi-hyen am baga (m) the bag, na bagaichean (pl) am ba-ga, na ba-gi-hyen bogsa (m) box, bogsan (pl) bok-sa, bok-san am bogsa (m) the box, na bogsan (pl) am bok-sa, na bok-san Page Twenty-One bòrd (m) table, bùird (pl) borrsht, boorrsht am bòrd (m) the table, na bùird (pl) am borrsht, na boorrsht sèithear (m) chair, sèithrichean (pl) shay-er, shay-ri-hyen an sèithear (m) the chair, na sèithrichean (pl) an shay-er, na shay-ri-hyen Page Twenty-Two iuchair (f) key, iuchraichean (pl) yoo-khir, yookh-ri-hyen an iuchair (f) the key, na h-iuchraichean (pl) an yoo-khir, na hyookh-ri-hyen sgàthan (m) mirror, sgàthanan (pl) skah-han, skah-ha-nan an sèithear (m) the mirror, na sgàthanan (pl) an skah-han, na skah-ha-nan Page Twenty-Three bàla (m) ball, bàlaichean (pl) bah-la, bah-li-hyen am bàla (m) the ball, na bàlaichean (pl) am bah-la, na bah-li-hyen giotàr (m) guitar, giotàraichean (pl) gi-tahr, gi-tah-ri-hyen an giotàr (m) the guitar, na giotàraichean (pl) an gi-tahr, na gi-tah-ri-hyen Page Twenty-Four ad (f) hat, adan (pl) at, a-dan an ad (f) the hat, na h-adan (pl) an at, na ha-dan speuclairean-grèine (m pl), sunglasses spee-akh-kla-ryan gray-nya na speuclairean-grèine (m pl), the sunglasses na spee-akh-kla-ryan gray-nya còta (m) coat, còtaichean (pl) koh-ta, koh-ti-hyen an còta (m) the coat, na còtaichean (pl) an koh-ta, na koh-ti-hyen Page Twenty-Five stocainn (f) sock, stocainnean (pl) stokh-kiñ, stokh-ki-nyan an stocainn (f) the sock, na stocainnean (pl) an stokh-kiñ, na stokh-ki-nyan bròg (f) shoe, brògan (pl) brohk, broh-gan a' bhròg (f) the shoe, na brògan (pl) a vrohk, na broh-gan Page Twenty-Six craobh (f) tree, craobhan (pl) kreuhv, kreuh-van a' chraobh (f) the tree, na craobhan (pl) a khreuhv, na kreuh-van flùr (m) flower, flùraichen (pl) floor, flooh-ri-hyen am flùr (m) the flower, na flùraichen (pl) am floor, na floo-ri-hyen duilleag (f) leaf, duilleagan (pl) deu-lyak, deu-lya-gan an duilleag (f) the leaf, na duilleagan (pl) an deu-lyak, na deu-lya-gan Page Twenty-Seven crosgan (m) starfish, crosganan (pl) kros-kan, kros-ka-nan an crosgan (m) the starfish, na crosganan (pl) an kros-kan, na kros-ka-nan slige (f) shell, sligean (pl) shlyi-gya, shlyi-gyan an t-slige (f) the shell, na sligean (pl) an chlyi-gya, na shlyi-gyan The Definite Article: The Masculine Singular Nouns (Nominative) The definite article is an. an changes to am before b, f, m and p. an changes to an t- before a vowel. For example: an loch an lokh the lake am balach am ba-lakh the boy am feur am fee-er the grass am mac am makh-k the son am peann am pya-oon the pen an t-uisge an teush-kya the water Feminine Singular Nouns (Nominative) The definite article remains an before d, n, l, r, sg, sp, st and sm. The definite article remains an before all vowels. The definite article remains an before f, and lenites f to fh. an changes to a' before b, c, g, m and p and lenites these consonants to bh, ch, gh, mh and ph. an changes to an t- before s, sl, sr and sn and the s becomes silent. Special note: The combination an t-sn is pronounced an tr-. For example: an deigh an dyay-ee the ice an sgoil an skol the school an obair an o-bir the work an fhuil (from fuil) an eul the blood a' bhròg (from bròg) a vrohg the shoe a' chaileag (from caileag) a kha-lak the girl a' ghloine (from gloine) a ghluh-nya the glass a' mhàthair (from màthair) a vah-hir the mother a' phàirc (from pàirc) a fahrk the park an t-sùil (from sùil) an tool the eye an t-sràid an trahj (changes from strahj) the street an t-sneachda an trekh-ka (changes from shnyekh-ka) the snow Plural Nouns (Nominative) The definite article is na. Before a vowel, na changes to na h-. For example: na sùilean na soo-lan the eyes na h-uinneagan na heu-nya-gan the windows